What You Should Know About Scoliosis

Many all over the globe are affected by and diagnosed with scoliosis. Often, at first, people with the condition do not realise they have it until much later on.

Let’s look into the details to learn more about it.

What is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature in the backbone or spine that goes sideways. During diagnosis, doctors assess whether you possess the “s” or “c” shaped curve. If the angle of the curve measures more than 10 degrees when analysed through an x-ray, you’ll be diagnosed with the condition.

How common is Scoliosis?

Although it is not every day that you hear about scoliosis in your community, the condition is much more common than you think and there are scoliosis warriors all around you, taking measures to manage their condition on their journey.

About 2-3 percent of the population and 6-9 million people are affected by the condition in the United States are affected by it and the numbers are only rising. Now imagine if we took into account, the numbers from countries all over the world! Crazy right?

Considering its prevalence, it’s very important to be aware of the condition to detect it as early on as possible!

And although scoliosis itself cannot be prevented, its progression can be slowed down!

What increases your chances of developing scoliosis?

Age: Even though scoliosis may develop and appear at any age, it is common to see signs of this condition just prior to puberty, mostly during the adolescence period which is between 10-18 years of age. Thus, when those that fit into this category are diagnosed with scoliosis, the term is referred to as adolescent scoliosis. This is the most common type of scoliosis.

Scoliosis that develops in children aged 4-9 is termed juvenile scoliosis.

Likewise, the diagnosis of abnormal spine curvature in infants that are born with it is referred to as infantile scoliosis.

And, those with the condition and aged 18+ would be given a diagnosis of adult scoliosis.

Gender: Scoliosis does occur in both males and females and develops to a mild extent, at the same pace. However, in females, the abnormal curvature of the spine is more likely to worsen and hence, may require professional treatment.
Genetics: Scoliosis runs in families and hence, if you have a relative with the condition, it may be passed down.

Signs and symptoms to watch out for

Symptoms may vary from person to person, depending on the degree of the condition. Here are some symptoms of scoliosis:

body shifts to one side
one shoulder blade may be at a higher level than the other
an uneven waist
lower back pain
ribs that stick out more on one side of the body

What are the types of scoliosis?

There are different types of scoliosis including:

Idiopathic scoliosis: accounts for most cases found in adolescents. The cause is unknown.

Congenital scoliosis: caused by defects at birth but is very rare.

Neuromuscular scoliosis: present when there are nerve abnormalities or complications that affects the spine muscles. It may develop in individuals with conditions like cerebral palsy or Marfan syndrome.

Degenerative scoliosis: caused by degeneration of the spine and most frequently found in adults aged 65+.

Is scoliosis permanent or just temporary?

Upon diagnosis, doctors may categorise your scoliosis condition as either structural or non-structural type, depending on the cause.

Structural scoliosis

Structural scoliosis is more serious as the outcome is permanent (the spine curvature does not straighten on its own) and may worsen with time if not treated well. The cause is normally a disease, injury or defects at birth. The types of scoliosis listed above fall under structural scoliosis.

Non-structural scoliosis

On the other hand, non-structural scoliosis also known as functional scoliosis is temporary and the spine curvatures can be fixed. This category of scoliosis is not as common.

Some underlying causes of this temporary change can be postural factors (eg: muscle spasms and habits), compensatory factors (eg: differences in leg length or pelvic leveling) or transient factors that are associated with responses to disc herniation.

For example, in the case scenario where someone experiences an intense spasm in a muscle located at the back, the spine may get pulled sideways which can then lead to a curvature in the structure.

For those with this type of condition, the good news is that once the underlying cause is properly treated with precise movements and positions, scoliosis will go away as well.

How can scoliosis be treated?

Scoliosis is treated based on the patient’s age, the type of scoliosis, curvature size and progression risk.

Bracing: it does not straighten the spine but helps to reduce and prevent progression of the spine curvature. If the angle of curvature is 25-40 degrees and the patient is still growing, doctors may recommend this treatment option. This option is effective if the condition is detected early on.
Surgery: if the angle of the spine’s curvature is more than 40 degrees, surgery may be the option for you. Spinal fusion is the standard surgery given which consists of the usage of a bone graft, rods and screws to keep the spine straightened.
Non-surgical treatment options: many may prefer to go for a more holistic approach. If you also do, there are options that may be in your favour. Physiotherapy or chiropractic treatment can help reduce the pain but is not a cure for the curvature. It is very important to opt for a physiotherapist or chiropractor with proper knowledge and skills as the condition requires very specific means of treatment. Look for one that specializes in scoliosis to avoid worsening of the condition.

If you suspect you have symptoms of scoliosis, please do not hesitate to go to a doctor as it can help prevent further progression and treat it more effectively.

And for those fighting scoliosis, you are all warriors going through a journey that simply makes you stronger. Keep following your doctor’s professional advice to treat it effectively and progressively.